Prostate is a small gland located below the bladder in men and involve in the reproductive system. Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men. Generally prostate cancer grows slowly and limited to prostate gland. However, some types of cancer grow slowly and may require small treatment; few other types are aggressive and spread quickly. Early detection of prostate cancer (while it is limited to prostate gland) has a better chance of successful treatment.
In most of the cases, the symptoms of prostate cancer in early stage are not visible. Symptoms of prostate cancer can differ from person to person. As a result, routinely checkup is necessary and important.
Early warning signs of prostate cancer
Due to the closeness of the prostate gland to bladder and urethra, early stage symptoms can be noticeable with some urinary problems. The size and location of cancer may press urethra affect urine flow. Some of the most common prostate cancer symptoms include:
Burning, irritation or pain while urination
Hassle urinating, or start and stop urination
Frequent urination call at night
Less or no control over bladder
Decreased force in urine stream
Discomfort in the pelvic area
Blood in urine
Blood in semen
Erectile dysfunction
Painful ejaculation
Advanced prostate cancer symptoms
Cancer may spread to other organs and bones and form more tumor. If it reaches to spine, then it may press spinal nerves which lead to neurological problems and paralysis. Signs of metastatic prostate cancer may include:
Swelling in legs or pelvic area
Numbness or pain in legs, hips or feet
Continuous bone pain, leads to fracture
When to see a doctor
After you know the symptoms are a signs of something serious, it’s time to meet the specialist of prostate cancer to get it diagnosed and start the earliest treatment to make it curable.
Cause of Prostate Cancer
Like all other types of cancers, it’s not easy to determine the exact reasons. Multiple factors may be involved including genetics and exposure to toxins, radiation or chemicals.
Mutation in the DNA(abnormal cells)or genetic material cause; abnormal grow and spread more quickly than normal cells do, until it forms tumour. Some aggressive type of cancerous cells leaves tumor part and spread to other parts of body.
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Risk factors of prostate cancer
The risk factors which may influence chances of developing prostate cancer-
Age – This cancer rarely affects young men and mainly occur in old age ranges 50+
Race - black men have higher chances of developing prostate cancer than men of other races and have aggressive type of cancer.
Family history – If your family had a history of prostate cancer, then you are more prone to be inherited that damaged DNA. A study shows about 5-10% of prostate cancer cases are caused due to inheridity.
Diet - Even after a limited research, studies shows that the diet rich in meat and high fat dairy product may cause prostate cancer.
Geographical location – Environmental and cultural factors may play a vital role, north India have a lower incidences of prostate cancer than south India. But vitamin D deficiency may also put your health at risk.
Some risk factors for aggressive prostate cancer
You may have higher chances of developing prostate, if you:
Smoke
Are obese
Poor lifestyle
Higher calcium consumption
Recurrent prostate cancer symptoms
When a cancer returns on the same place is considered as recurrent. When it returns to the prostate again, this is known as local recurrence. If the cancer cells spreads outside the prostate, it is most likely to damage nearby lymph nodes first then to liver, bones and lungs.
Increase in level of PSA is considered as the first sign of prostate cancer recurrent. Other symptoms depend on the area where these cancer spread and recurrent, common symptoms may include:
Blood in urine
Difficult urination
Lower back pain
Fatigue
Difficulty in breathing
Jaundice
After treatment or post operation care is also very important as it may help stop recurrent and regular PSA tests are required.
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