Ultra K2/D3
Ultra K2-D3 provides 80 mcg of vitamin K2 and 2000 IU of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) per tablet (60 tabs per bottle). Vitamin K2 is involved in calcium metabolism by promoting bone density and by inhibiting calcium accumulation in blood vessels. Vitamin D3 is involved in the regulation of some 1000 genes, including those involved in bone and cardiovascular function.
Ultra K2-D3 is a cinnamon flavored tablet and can be chewed or swallowed. If 2 tablets are taken each day, this delivers 160 mcg of K2 and 4000 IU of vitamin D3, which is thought to be a physiologic dose.
Vitamin K2 research
There are two types of vitamin K, those being K1 and K2. Phylloquinone is vitamin K1, which is found in green leafy vegetables, and its primary function is to promote blood clotting. Coumadin “thins the blood” by antagonizing the action of vitamin K.
Menaquinone is vitamin K2 and there are multiple varieties, which are designated as MK-4 to MK-14. The most commonly discussed and supplemented variety is the short chain MK-4, which is found in meat. The longer chain menaquinones are attracting more attention as supplements and include MK-7, MK-8, MK-9, which are found in fermented foods such as cheese and curds. Important to note that the anti-inflammatory diet does NOT discourage the consumption of meat, cheese, or fermented foods.
While vitamin K2 also influences blood clotting proteins like K1, the menaquinones (K2) uniquely influence calcium metabolism in relation to bone and cardiovascular health. Recent studies suggest that vitamin K2 may be protective against cancer expression (1,2).
Bone producing cells called osteoblasts produce a substance called osteocalcin that participates in building bone density; however to do this effectively, it must be first activated by vitamin K2 (3,4). Studies suggest that reduced levels of K2-activated osteocalcin is a marker of bone mineral density as it is correlated with hip bone mineral density and fracture risk in elderly women (4).
In artery walls, a vitamin K2-activated vessel wall protein is produced that functions to inhibit arterial calcification (5,6). When vessels with atherosclerosis have been examined, it was discovered that there were significantly decreased levels of this protein referred to as vascular MGP (7). Important to notes is that research suggests that vitamin K2 intake is protective against coronary heart disease, while the same correlation has not been found for vitamin K1 (6). It is known that most subjects in the healthy population are not optimally protected against vascular calcification due to the presence of reduced levels of vascular MGP, suggesting that vitamin K2 supplementation may be an effective preventive strategy (8).
Patients on anticoagulant therapy should not take K2 without supervision and monitoring by their attending physician. Researchers suggest that 50 mcg may be a safe upper limit of vitamin K2 supplementation for properly monitored patients taking anti-coagulants (9).
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