The testis is an integral part of the male reproductive system. It is located in the scrotum and is a slightly flat ellipsoid. The testis grows rapidly with sexual maturity, shrinks, and becomes smaller with age.
The testis contains a large number of curved seminiferous tubules, which is an essential source of sperm production and also a place for testosterone to live. If the testis is affected and damaged by the external environment, the production of sperm will be hindered, and some physiological functions will be hampered. Orchitis is the most common disease.
What is Orchitis?
Orchitis is usually caused by bacteria and viruses. The testis itself is rarely infected by bacteria. This is because it has rich lymph and blood supply, and its resistance is stronger. Therefore, orchitis is usually caused by inflammation of the adjacent epididymis.
The pathogens of orchitis include bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus, Proteus, etc., chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma, and gonococcus, which cause sexually transmitted diseases. In addition, tuberculosis bacilli, mumps virus, and other non-sexually transmitted infections can also cause the disease.
According to clinical manifestations, orchitis can be divided into acute orchitis and chronic orchitis.
Acute orchitis often occurs in patients with urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis, and long-term urinary catheter retention. The route of infection of this kind of orchitis is special. Generally, the infection will spread to the epididymis through lymph or vas deferens, causing epididymal inflammatory orchitis.
Chronic orchitis is mostly caused by incomplete treatment of acute orchitis. In addition, such diseases can also be induced by a fungal infection, spirochete infection, and parasitic infection.
What causes orchitis?
Orchitis is an infectious disease. Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, mycoplasmas, chlamydia, etc., which can be transmitted sexually and non-sexually. If we don't pay attention to it in daily life, it is easy to ignore the occurrence of orchitis.
1. Decreased immunity
If men keep a bad living habit for a long time, their immunity will decline, and our body's resistance to external stimuli will also decline, which will lead to viruses and bacteria more likely to invade the testes through the circulatory system to cause orchitis, especially in mumps and tonsillitis.
2. Sexually transmitted diseases
Sexual life is the most crucial way to cause orchitis. When sexual life is frequent, the possibility of testicular infection will be greatly increased, especially in high-risk sexual behavior, which is considered the main risk factor of this situation. When men are infected with gonorrhea or chlamydia, the risk of orchitis increases.
3. Parotitis
Parotitis is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the mumps virus. It is characterized by nonsuppurative inflammation of the parotid gland and swelling and pain in the parotid region. Mumps is also one of the common causes of orchitis.
After entering the human body through the mouth and nose, the virus grows and multiplies in the upper respiratory mucosa epithelium and lymph tissue and enters the blood to cause viremia, which then spreads to the parotid gland and various organs of the body. In addition, several other types of infectious diseases may also cause orchitis.
4. Bacterial infection
The invasion of pathogenic bacteria will also lead to the onset of orchitis. When bacteria invade the urinary system, it will cause related urinary system inflammation. If it continues to develop, it will cause orchitis through the vas deferens or the lymphatic system.
When men suffer from orchitis, their sexual function will decline. The inflammation can cause sperm death or azoospermia when the inflammation is more serious. At this time, men will lose their fertility. The testis is the place where men produce sperm. When there is inflammation, it will cause disorder in the whole internal environment. A large number of inflammatory factors can cause the body's immune response, leading to sperm inactivation or a large number of deaths.
If chronic orchitis occurs for a long time, it may cause changes in testicular structure and loss of sperm production ability. When sperm vitality drops or no sperm, fertility will be lost. Testitis needs active treatment.
Orchitis is caused by viral and bacterial infections. Antibiotics can be used for the treatment of patients with mild symptoms, and antibiotics suitable for the disease can be selected. For some lung infection factors or chronic inflammation, patients need to choose traditional Chinese medicine treatment, such as Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill, to eliminate symptoms and causes, and get a thorough cure.
Patients can also choose physical therapy. Orchitis is early and mild. At this time, patients should pay more attention to bed rest, use a local hot compress, raise their scrotum, and do other physical therapy. Physical therapy is simple and effective.
When patients with orchitis enter the suppuration stage, their condition worsens, and the drug treatment effect is not good, so they can choose surgical treatment. There are many surgical methods. The first one is orchiectomy. Orchitis will lead to testicular atrophy, severe damage, and testicular lesions, which need to be removed. The other is to discharge pus in the testis through minimally invasive surgery, with a small wound area and a high safety factor. It is recommended that patients choose appropriate treatment methods according to their conditions.
In addition, during the illness, avoid sexual life, alcohol, and sitting or standing for a long time to prevent the aggravation of orchitis. In terms of diet, make adjustments. Patients should eat a light diet, and appropriately eat more food containing high-quality protein and various vitamins. They should avoid spicy, greasy, and stimulating food.
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