How many embryos are transferred?

There are still differences in practice as to how many embryos are transferred into the woman’s uterus. In many cases, only one fertilized embryo is transferred to the uterus, while other doctors believe that two fertilized embryos increase the chances of a successful pregnancy.

According to guidelines set out by the International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the number of fresh embryos to be transferred varies according to the woman’s age and outlook. In many cases, no more than two embryos will be used. For women under the age of 35 with an excellent chance of pregnancy, doctors will consider using just one embryo.

A recent study posted in Fertility and Sterility showed that single embryo transfer in women less than 38 years of age reduces the risk of multiple births, yet does not seem to affect live birth rates. This is important to note, as many doctors recommend using multiple embryos to ensure pregnancy. This research indicates that multiple embryos may not be necessary.

When the woman’s chances for pregnancy seem to be low, doctors may opt to use a technique called heavy load transfer (HLT), in which three or more embryos are transferred to the uterus. According to a study in Facts, Views & Vision in Obgyn, HLT should be recommended in patients with a poor natural outlook, as it is likely to boost pregnancy rates to an acceptable level.

Success rates of embryo transfers

The rate of success for embryo transfers may vary based on the transfer method used.

According to a study posted in the International Journal of Reproductive Medicine, there is no statistical difference between using fresh and frozen embryos. Embryo transfers using fresh embryos had a 23 percent pregnancy rate, whereas frozen embryos had an 18 percent pregnancy rate.

The study showed that frozen embryos could also be used for additional embryo transfers where fresh embryos could not. If the chance for pregnancy is low, doctors may consider freezing additional embryos for a second attempt at embryo transfer at a later date.

Individual success rates can vary and may depend upon the cause of infertility, ethnic backgrounds, and genetic disorders.

Risks and precautions of embryo transfers

The risks of embryo transfers themselves are very low. These risks are mostly related to increased hormonal stimulation, causing an increased risk such as a blood clot blocking a blood vessel.

The woman can also experience bleeding, changes in her vaginal discharge, infections, and complications of anesthesia if it is used. The risk of a miscarriage is about the same as in natural conception.

The greatest risk of embryo transfer is the chance of multiple pregnancies. This occurs when multiple separate embryos attach to the uterus. This may increase the risk of stillbirth and children born with disabilities, and is more common in pregnancies due to IVF than natural conception.

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