Over 50% of women experience lower back pain during pregnancy. This is attributed to hormonal changes that relax muscles and ligaments to allow the uterus to stretch and make room for the baby. Also, the body’s center of gravity shifts as the uterus stretches and the embryo grows, causing stress on the spine and muscles. The stretching and loosening of abdominal muscles puts stress on the spine and lumbar muscles, contributing to lower back pain, particularly in the final months of pregnancy. Also, weight gain strains the lower back and spine, resulting in discomfort in the lumbar region.
There are two common types of back pain that occur during pregnancy. One is lumbar or lower back pain, which is felt around the lower spine. The discomfort typically gets worse if sitting or standing for long periods of time. Another type of low back pain is felt in the pelvic region or buttocks. It can also be felt in the back of the thighs. Walking, twisting, lifting, rising (from a bed or chair) and climbing stairs are some of the things that can trigger pelvic discomfort.
Sciatica (inflammation of the sciatic nerve) is relatively uncommon during pregnancy, occurring in only one percent of the population. If you’re experiencing pain, tingling or numbness that radiates from the lower back or buttock down the back of the leg, chances are you have this condition, which is usually caused by a ruptured disc in the lower spine. If you experience these symptoms, you should report them to your physician.
Fortunately, there’s a lot you can do to alleviate discomfort in your lower back when you’re expecting. Exercises and stretches can strengthen the lower back muscles and promote flexibility to reduce lower back pain. Swimming is a great exercise for women during pregnancy, as it’s low impact and supports the entire body, reducing the occurrence of muscle strain. Check with your physician before beginning an exercise routine to make sure it doesn’t jeopardize your pregnancy. There are yoga classes geared to pregnant women to ease lower back pain and support a healthy pregnancy. Some women use acupuncture or chiropractors to ease lower back discomfort.
When sitting, especially for long periods of time, try keeping your feet elevated slightly and use a chair with good back support. Sometimes it helps to put a pillow behind your lower back for additional support. Stand often, stretch and walk around for short periods of time. Avoid prolonged standing, as this can add to back strain.
Sleeping on your side with your knees bent also helps to relieve lower back stress. A full length body pillow can also be helpful, as can placing a pillow between the knees when sleeping.
Wearing flats or low heeled shoes also helps, as does wearing a support belt or maternity pants with a low elastic band to support the abdomen. Bend from the knees when lifting, using the legs and not the back for support. Avoid lifting or moving heavy objects. Massage, heat compresses and warm baths help to alleviate lower back pain. Acetaminophen is safe to use during pregnancy, but avoid aspirin and ibuprofen.
Use these tools to ensure an enjoyable pregnancy that’s safe, healthy and relatively free of discomfort!

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