Neurology deals with the diagnosis and treatment of all the disorders and disease involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, including their coverings, blood vessels, and all effector tissue, such as muscle. The physician who specializes in neurology, and is trained to investigate, or diagnose and treat neurological disorders is known as neurologist.

Some of the commonly encountered conditions treated by neurologists include headaches, radiculopathy, neuropathy, stroke, dementia, seizures and epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, head trauma, sleep disorders, neuromuscular diseases, and various infections and tumors of the nervous system.

Although neurologists diagnose and treat neurological diseases, they do not perform surgical operations. They merely recommend what surgical treatment is necessary to a neurosurgeon. A neurosurgeon is a specialist surgeon who has been trained in surgery on the spinal and brain. Conditions treated by neurosurgeon are:

• Spinal disc herniation

• Cervical spinal stenosis and Lumbar spinal stenosis

• Hydrocephalus

• Head trauma (brain hemorrhages, skull fractures, etc.)

• Spinal cord trauma

• Traumatic injuries of peripheral nerves

• Infections

• Tumors of the spine, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

• Intracerebral hemorrhage, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, interdepartmental, and intracellular hemorrhages

• Some forms of drug-resistant epilepsy

• Some forms of movement disorders (advanced Parkinson's disease, chorea) – this involves the use of specially developed minimally invasive stereotactic techniques (functional, stereotactic neurosurgery) such as ablative surgery and deep brain stimulation surgery

• Intractable pain of cancer or trauma patients and cranial/peripheral nerve pain

• Some forms of intractable psychiatric disorders

• Vascular malformations (i.e., arteriovenous malformations, venous angiomas, cavernous angiomas, capillary telangectasias) of the brain and spinal cord

Orthopedics is the branch of medicine focused on the treatment and diagnosis of the musculoskeletal system, including spine and joint injuries and deformities. Orthopedic doctors also called Orthopedists or Orthopeds specialize in diagnosis and treatment of problems of the musculoskeletal system. The musculoskeletal system includes: bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves.

Orthopedic doctors use surgical and non-surgical methods to treat sports injuries, degenerative diseases, tumors, infections and musculoskeletal traumaOrthopedic doctors often treat broken bones, sports injuries, infections, congenital conditions, tumors in bones, joint problems like arthritis and degenerative diseases like osteoporosis.

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