What is the meaning of Reincarnation? - It is the repeated entering into the physical. Or as Krishna said to Arjuna in “Bhagavad-Gita" “It is something permanent that inhabits successive ‘somethings’ that are impermanent.”
Krishna to Arjuna “Bhagavad-Gita

In Western philosophy there are 4 arguments put forward the confirm the case of Reincarnation: justice, destiny, prodigies, and true memories.

Justice
If there is a God of justice, who is all loving and compassion, why then does He permit the cruel injustices of the world: Poverty, starvation, handicapped people, pedophiles?

Destiny
What is the meaning, the purpose the ultimate goal of our lives, of human existence - if there is a goal to life?

Prodigies
Why are some people brilliant? e.g. Mozart.

True Memories
People can remember past lives, which are supported by historical fact. These are memories that the person would not have been aware of.

Reincarnation
Esoteric Philosophy believes there is a living and individualised ‘Principle’ which is eternal and it lives within and informs man throughout the many physical lives that a person takes part in.

The 7 Principles of Man (Theosophical Teachings H.P. Blavatsky)
It is the 3-Higher ‘Principles’ which reincarnate: - Atma, Buddhi, Higher Manas
Principle One: Sthula Sharira - The Physical Body
Principle Two: Linga Sharira - The Astral Body
Principle Three: Prana - The Life
Principle Four: Kama - The Desires
Principle Five: Manas - Thinker or Mind
Principle Six: Buddhi - The Spirit; this is the immortal element in us, the deathless flame which never dies.
Principle Seven: Atma - The Spiritual Soul; this is an entity, which is evolved through experience; it is not a spirit as it is a vehicle of spirit. In matter it is a substantial portion of the lower essence of spirit.

The Higher Triad is the deathless part of man’s nature, the ‘spirit’ of Christian terminology. The Lower Quartenary is the mortal part, the ‘soul and ‘body’ of Christian faith.

Permanent Atoms & Reincarnation
The ego vacates each of his bodies, the permanent atoms of those bodies pass into a dormant condition in the Causal. What is contained within these atoms, shapes the future life to come.
The 3 permanent atoms (recording devices):
¨ Solar Plexus (Emotional/Astral Seed)
¨ Pineal Gland (Mental Seed Atom
¨ Heart (Physical/Heart Seed Atom)

It is also worthy to note, that the chakra, the soul extension, exits the body. When man is in the Causal Plane - he has within that body the physical permanent atom, the astral permanent atom, the mental permanent molecule or unit. The three are wrapped in a buddhic like web and appear as a brilliant nucleus-like particle in the causal body. They are all that remains within the Ego from the previous incarnation. The physical body dies and each permanent atom goes on. The atoms eventually ‘go to sleep’ as the flow of life is lessened. However, the permanent atoms are carried over and are the only (imperfect) direct channel between the spiritual triad, or Ego, and the forms it is connected to - the physical vehicle. The business is to purify and develop our permanent atoms and as we do so, each life becomes more connected to Spirit and less to material.

When did Reincarnation start?
The Atma-Buddhi (Higher Soul) is the mainspring of all evolution, the human man very slowly and gradually evolved. There were two great root races who ran through their full development: Half -way through the 3rd root race (Lemuria) - the germ of man started.

Author's Bio: 

Liz McCaughey is the founder of Kumara Meditation & Healing Centre in Perth, Western Australia. The centre offers deeper theosophical studies, meditation & healing, reiki, kabbalah and pranic healing. visit http://www.kumara.com.au