Types of Stem cell Supplement

Stem cells are special cells in each tissue which preserve the ability to produce new cells in that tissue. These rare cells respond to growth factors within their immediate environment rapidly producing new cells when and where they are needed. These growth factors are specific and push the developing cells into becoming the various types of cells that are required in the rebuilding or regeneration of a damaged organ.There are two types of stem cells:

Embryonic Stem Cells – A human embryonic stem cell is also defined by the presence of several transcription factors and cell surface proteins. The transcription factors Oct-4, Nanog and Sox2 form the core regulatory network that ensures the suppression of genes that lead to differentiation and the maintenance of pluripotency. The cell surface antigens most commonly used to identify hes cells are the glycolipids SSEA3 and SSEA4 and the keratan sulfate antigens Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81.A blastocyst is an early stage embryo—approximately four to five days old in humans and consisting of 50–150 cells. ES cells are pluripotent and give rise during development to all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.Embryonic stem cells that have proliferated in cell culture for for a prolonged period of time without differentiating, are pluripotent and have not developed genetic abnormalities are referred to as an embryonic stem cell line.Embryonic stem cells are obtained from early blastocysts, they are at a very early developmental stage and retain the flexibility to become any one of the more than 200 cell types that make up the human body.

Adult Stem Cells –Adult stem cells can be isolated from a tissue sample obtained from an adult. These cells are found in children and adults and are generally for repair purposes.Adult stem cells, similar to embryonic stem cells, have the ability to differentiate into more than one cell type, but unlike embryonic stem cells they are often restricted to certain lineages. They are limited in their potential and can only differentiate into closely related types of cells but are much less controversial in its use. The most common use of adult stem cells has been to help with leukaemia and other cancer.Adult stem cells have been identified in many organs and tissues, including brain, bone marrow, peripheral blood, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, skin, teeth, heart, gut, liver, ovarian epithelium, and testis.

Adult stem cell can generate a line of genetically identical cells that then gives rise to all the appropriate differentiated cell types of the tissue.Adult stem cells are available to divide, when needed, and can give rise to mature cell types that have characteristic shapes and specialized structures and functions of a particular tissue.Stem cells are the primary master cells of the human body. They are the foundation cells from which every organ and tissue in our body is created.Human embryonic stem cells come from embryos that develop from eggs that have been fertilized in vitro (in a test tube or another artificial environment). Embryonic stem cells can develop into any specialized cell type in the body.