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Articles by mai brooks

Browse published articles attributed to mai brooks, with full-archive search.

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By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

How to Calculate Your Risk for Breast Cancer

Using known risk factors for breast cancer, mathematical models can be developed to help answer important questions. These mathematical models are useful tools for researchers and for patients as follows: 1. Research on risk factors â The Claus risk assessment model was used to discover the subpopulation of people who had an autosomal dominant genetic allele that increased their risk from 10% to 92%. This led to the discovery of the BRCA genes associated with breast, ovaria

Primary topic: Women's Issues

7,844 views3.5/5 (2)

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

What kind of radiation should you choose after lumpectomy for breast cancer?

Just a quarter of a century ago, almost all patients had mastectomy, even if their breast cancer is small. But over the past few decades, it has been demonstrated that for small cancers, lumpectomy followed by radiation treatment is just as good as mastectomy, at preventing breast cancer recurrence. Traditional proven radiation is external beam radiation directed to the entire involved breast for 6-7 weeks, 5 days a week (M Tu W Th F). Depending on the size and extent of the

Primary topic: Women's Issues

789 views5/5 (1)

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Lymphoma and breast implants

In January 2011, articles were published in major US newspapers about the association of lymphoma and breast implants. This is called anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), an extremely rare type of malignancy. Approximately 1 in 500,000 women is diagnosed with ALCL (anywhere in the body) in the United States each year. Only 3 in 100 million women per year in the US are diagnosed with ALCL in the breast. Breast ALCL has been most often identified in patients undergoing implan

Primary topic: Women's Issues

713 views5/5 (1)

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Melanoma: The Warning Signs

Melanoma, the deadly skin cancer, is on the rise. In the United States in 2008, there were estimated 62,480 new cases. In the same year, 8,420 people were predicted to die from this cancer. Melanoma is the #6 most common malignancy in men and #7 most common in women. The ethnicity of ...Melanoma, the deadly skin cancer, is on the rise. In the United States in 2008, there were estimated 62,480 new cases. In the same year, 8,420 people were predicted to die from this cancer. Me

Primary topic: Medical Advice and Resources

Medical Advice and Resources

1,004 views4/5 (1)

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Age and Physical Risk Factors in Breast Cancer

Age is likely the most important overall factor associated with breast cancer risk. Breast cancer risk increases in the older post-menopausal population. For this reason, all breast cancer screening recommendations are based primarily on age. Obesity, however, may be the single most preventable risk factor associated with breast cancer. With the dramatic increase in obesity in the U.S., this may be the number one reason for a persistently high incidence in breast cancer. Othe

Primary topic: Women's Issues

991 views3/5 (2)

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Genetic Risk Factors in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the United States. In 2008, approximately 184,450 patients were estimated to be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, and an estimated 40,930 were estimated to die of this disease. Furthermore, over 50,000 female carcinoma in situ breast cases would have been diagnosed. The etiology of breast cancer is poorly understood with multiple genetic and environmental factors involved in

Primary topic: Women's Issues

826 views4/5 (1)

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Breast tumor markers â are they useful?

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American women. In 2009, approximately 194,280 patients are estimated to be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, and 62,280 with carcinoma in situ. An estimated 40,610 will die of this disease. For a woman of average risk, the lifetime incidence of breast cancer is one in eight. Serum tumor markers for breast cancer used in the clinic include CA 15-3, CEA (carcinoembyon

Primary topic: Women's Issues

843 views2.5/5 (2)

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Breast MRI â Should All Women Get This Test?

Patients often ask me: âShould I get an MRI?â (magnetic resonance imaging). The answer from me is: âOnly if you need it.â Why should we NOT all get breast MRI? After all, we know that mammograms and ultrasounds do fail to pick up some breast cancers. MRI is the latest, most expensive modality in breast imaging. Itâs the best, is it not? Well, clearly, the advantage of MRI is that it can see everything and anything. The disadvantage of MRI also is that it can see eve

Primary topic: Women's Issues

779 views3/5 (1)

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Breast Cancer Stages

Breast cancer is divided into five stages. Stages 0-2 are considered âearlyâ, stage 3 considered âadvancedâ, and stage 4 âlateâ. Staging categories are important for predicting future prognosis, and determine optimal treatment recommendations.rnStage 0 is DCIS, or ductal carcinoma in situ. Breast cancer arises from the cells that line the milk ducts. When the cancerous cells are still contained inside the duct, it is diagnosed as DCIS. This can only be determined

Primary topic: Women's Issues

1,118 views

By mai brooksOct 2, 20111 topic

Should chest CT be used to screen for lung cancer?

Lung malignancy is the #1 cause of cancer death in the United States. In 2011, approximately 221,130 patients (115,060 men and 106,070 women) are estimated to be diagnosed with this malignancy. An estimated 156,940 people (85,600 men and 71,340 women) will die of this disease this year. Although cigarette use has decreased, we still have in America about 94 million current or former smokers who are at increased risk of developing lung tumors. In the past, screening high risk

Primary topic: Physical Therapy

Physical Therapy

903 views

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

How to Choose the Right Breast Cancer Surgery

Once you have been diagnosed with breast cancer, usually treatment starts first with surgery. There are generally two components to the operation: 1) the breast, and 2) the axilla (armpit). In the breast, there are two choices: 1) lumpectomy (removing the cancer lump and some surrounding ...Once you have been diagnosed with breast cancer, usually treatment starts first with surgery. There are generally two components to the operation: 1) the breast, and 2) the axilla (armpit)

Primary topic: Women's Issues

891 views

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Lifestyle and Breast Cancer

Although all of the genetic and environmental factors are important to consider, the overwhelming evidence is that breast cancer is related to lifestyle. The following paragraphs outline the negative impact and positive impact on breast cancer of several common lifestyle related issues. ...Although all of the genetic and environmental factors are important to consider, the overwhelming evidence is that breast cancer is related to lifestyle. The following paragraphs outline th

Primary topic: Health Education

Health Education

886 views

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Low Fat Diet and Breast Cancer Prevention â Why the Proof is Elusive

In 2006, results from the worldâs largest low fat diet project were published (see reference at end). This was a US government-funded study of 48,835 postmenopausal women in a multicenter prospective, randomized clinical trial known as the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary ...In 2006, results from the worldâs largest low fat diet project were published (see reference at end). This was a US government-funded study of 48,835 postmenopausal women in a m

Primary topic: Dieting and Weight Loss

Dieting and Weight Loss

831 views

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Breast Cancer Reconstruction

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in American women. In 2009, approximately 194,280 patients are estimated to be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer, and 62,280 with carcinoma in situ. According to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, nearly 79,500 women underwent breast reconstruction surgery post-mastectomy in 2008. Approximately 70% of these women had their breast(s) reconstructed with expander/imp

Primary topic: Women's Issues

798 views

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Environmental Risk Factors in Breast Cancer

Much has been written about pesticides and pollutants as being major contributors to cancers today. According to the National Toxicology Program at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, there are 52 chemicals known to contribute to cancers of all kinds in humans and 176 chemicals ...Much has been written about pesticides and pollutants as being major contributors to cancers today. According to the National Toxicology Program at the U.S. Department of Health and Hu

Primary topic: Health Education

Health Education

777 views

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Love is THE answer â every day of the year.

Today, I diagnosed metastatic cancer in a new patient who had just come to see me. I had to tell this young, beautiful, vibrant woman that did not not have long to live, perhaps a few months. There was nothing I could do for her. All I could do was to tell her that I cared for her. I could ...Today, I diagnosed metastatic cancer in a new patient who had just come to see me. I had to tell this young, beautiful, vibrant woman that did not not have long to live, perhaps a few mo

Primary topic: Love

776 views

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Are You at Risk for Breast Cancer?

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in American women. Approximately one out of eight women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. It would be so nice to tell ahead of time which is the unlucky one out of every eight patients. But there is simply no reliable method to ...Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in American women. Approximately one out of eight women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. It would be so nice to tell ahead of time which

Primary topic: Health Education

Health Education

766 views

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

Cancer Screening in the USA

One out of four deaths in the US is due to cancer. In 2010, approximately 569,490 Americans die of cancer. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends screening for female breast cancer, cervical cancer and colorectal cancer. A surveillance study conducted by the US Division of Cancer Prevention and Control was published in November 2010 (see reference below). This report uses the most recent available estimates of later stage cancer incidence (2004-2006) and sc

Primary topic: Health Education

Health Education

734 views

By mai brooksOct 2, 20111 topic

What every woman should know about ovarian cancer

In 2011, approximately 21,990 patients are estimated to be diagnosed with ovarian cancer in the United States. An estimated 15,460 will die of this disease. Thus, it is the most deadly of the gynecological malignancies. The average lifetime risk of ovarian malignancy is 1.7% in the USA. African American women have a lower incidence of this tumor. Women who have never had children are at higher risk. Cancer risk is lower in those who have given birth, breastfed, have had tubal

Primary topic: Women's Issues

693 views

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

New treatments for advanced and metastatic melanoma

Melanoma, the deadly skin cancer, is on the rise. In the United States in 2010, there were estimated 68,130 new cases of invasive cancer and 46,770 of in situ melanoma. In the same year, 8,700 people were predicted to die from this malignancy. Melanoma is curable if it is detected early and can be surgically removed. When melanoma has spread to lymph node(s) or when it is more than 4 mm thick, there is a chance of metastasis (spread to distant organs). Melanoma could spread t

Primary topic: Medical Advice and Resources

Medical Advice and Resources

666 views

By mai brooksSep 12, 20111 topic

2010 Cancer Incidence in the USA

One out of four deaths in the US is due to cancer. In 2010, approximately 569,490 Americans die of cancer. The following tables summarize the distribution of the top ten types of invasive cancer among men and women. Please note that this number does not include the early in situ carcinomas from any organ (except the bladder). Excluded from this table are 54,010 breast carcinomas in situ, 46,770 melanomas in situ, and more than 2 million unreported cases of squamous cell and b

Primary topic: Health Education

Health Education

659 views

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