SelfGrowth.comThe Self Improvement Guide

About Professional DashboardDashboard Browse Topics Create Professional AccountCreate Account

Home/
Articles

Browse SelfGrowth articles

Loading the searchable article library…

SelfGrowth.comThe Self Improvement Guide

Explore experts, guides, articles, videos, and events by topic.

Explore

All topics Experts Guides Articles Videos

Platform

About SelfGrowth Websites Newsletters Events Become an Official Guide Contact

Compliance

Legal

Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions Cookie Policy

Your choices

Privacy Requests

Help improve SelfGrowth

Accounts

Personal account Create Professional Account Become a Contributor

SelfGrowth helps readers explore personal growth topics with clear paths into guides, experts, and related resources.

Home/
Experts/
Michael Lee/
Articles

Articles by Michael Lee

Browse published articles attributed to Michael Lee, with full-archive search.

articles: 996

Explore

TopicsBrowse every topic ExpertsFind people ArticlesRead guidance WebsitesOpen resources EventsSee sessions VideosWatch clips

⌕

SortRecommended Most viewed Most recent Highest rated Alphabetical

Showing 401–450

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Covert Persuasion Techniques: How To Persuade People To Buy And Get Motivated

Covert persuasion techniques are one of the most powerful sales and motivation methods you can learn. By using them, you're able to place an idea inside the mind of a person - such as the desire to buy your product or sign up with your MLM business - while convincing them that it was their idea rather than yours. Using Covert Persuasion Techniques In Selling Or Marketing Say you are trying to sell a particular product or service. Instead of beginning with a sales pitch for your product, you engage your prospect in a conversation about what they need.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,487 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Quotes On Helping Others: 3 Motivational Quotes That Inspire The Spirit Of Helping

Reading quotes on helping others can inspire us to do good deeds. While we have been taught to love one another and help each other out, actually applying said teachings is another matter altogether. Sometimes, we just can't be bothered to help. It sounds awful, I know, but it's hardly a lie. In such a fast-paced and often materialistic world, we need inspiration and guidance to help us remember. Read on for some motivational quotes on helping others.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,486 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How To Deal With Narcissistic People In 5 Easy Steps

To learn how to deal with narcissistic people, you must first understand that as self-centered as they are, that doesn't necessarily mean they are selfish. They may just be viewing things from their own perspective and cannot put themselves in other people's shoes. Read on to learn how to deal with narcissistic people. Step 1: Avoid Them. These individuals cannot see things the way you do; so if you disagree with them, you simply don't exist to them. That is one of the main problems that victims try to solve, and avoiding the narcissist is the best way to solve it.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,469 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How To Feel Unstoppable And Confident In 3 Simple Steps

Learning how to feel unstoppable has a lot to do with developing confidence and building self-esteem. The way you see yourself greatly affects how others see you, as well as how you interact with them. Learning how to feel unstoppable will also help you in achieving the goals you set for yourself. The more confident you are, the more you feel good about yourself, and the more likely you will succeed. Here are 3 simple steps that could help you feel more confident and unstoppable. Step 1: Dress And Look The Part.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,462 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

NLP Reframing Techniques: Using NLP To See The Positive Side In Any Situation

NLP reframing techniques have been known to have positive influences on anyone! They can make you see beyond what is obvious and can generally encourage you to be a better person. Applying these techniques are also quite easy, as long as you keep an open mind. If you want to learn more, read this article! NLP Reframing Technique # 1: When Life Gives You Lemons, Make Lemonade. This is sometimes called labeling. It encourages you to look at a negative (or even disastrous) situation from a positive point of view.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,413 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How To Win Any Argument: 3 Amazing Tips To Prevail In Any Argument

The best lawyers know how to win any argument. However, so do the best parents, teachers and friends. How do they do it? If you don’t belong to this group of people, then perhaps it’s about time you learn how to stand up for yourself. By teaching yourself how to win any argument, you are developing your own powers of persuasion and negotiation. Check out these tips on winning arguments! Tip # 1: Use Their Beliefs Against Them. It’s difficult to argue with people who already have a set of principles or beliefs they stand by.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,386 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Persuasive Writing: 3 Useful Persuasive Writing Tips For Beginners

Persuasive writing can be a bit of a challenge, especially for beginners. Unlike descriptive essays, persuasive articles have a mission to convince readers about a certain issue or subject. This kind of article also takes on a more serious tone. Some of the more popular choices range from ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

923 views2/5 (1)

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How To Tell If A Girl Likes You: Easy Ways To Know If She Likes You

Knowing how to tell if a girl likes you is a skill. You can find out if a girl likes you when she shows enough affection after you’ve dated a couple of times. But what happens if you want a quick way on how to tell if a girl likes you? Simple procedures can be taken to effectively make an ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,372 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Speed Reading Training: How To Read Faster In 3 Easy Steps

Speed reading training is a lot like training for the marathon. At first, you wouldn't even be able to finish a 10 km race; but as you practice, you'll find yourself not only finishing a 10 km marathon but going another extra 5 km like the rest of the seasoned runners. Likewise, it doesn't matter if your reading speed is at a snail's pace right now. With the right training, you'll dramatically increase your reading rate and comprehension in no time! Want to know the steps to an effective speed reading training? Read this article. Step 1: Determine Your Base Rate.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,351 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How to Dramatically Improve Your Concentration and Focus

Wouldn’t it be nice if you could concentrate on any given topic in a snap without having to run circles around your head first? Or how about being able to focus your attention on the tasks you were assigned to fulfill? That would probably do wonders on your performance! Well, having all those things and more is possible if you know how to dramatically improve your concentration and focus! Concentration holds the key to achieving your goals and reaping success after success in life. It keeps you from getting side-tracked by less important endeavors.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,350 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How To Increase Your IQ Using 5 Easy Tips

With mind-bending challenges at school or at work, you might find yourself asking how to increase your IQ level to help you in your tasks. Some people are gifted with great intelligence at birth, while some gain it overtime. There are a number of ways on how to increase your IQ level. Read on to find out more. Tip # 1: Get Focused. Many people get distracted by even the smallest things. But in reality, we know what distracts us; we just don't want to separate ourselves from them.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,320 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Mind Control Techniques - How To Use The Semi-Silent Treatment

Mind control techniques are the new weapons of communication and persuasion in the world today. These strategies will help you cinch that business deal you've been negotiating with your client for the past few weeks. They will help you win people over to your side. Best of all, they will require ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,293 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

3 Law Of Attraction Secrets To Manifest Your Desires In Record Time

There are law of attraction secrets which have been kept hidden from public knowledge. Are you ready to open your eyes to these little-known but powerful principles? Are you prepared to learn what most people will never know about manifesting your desires? If so, then read on for these 3 law of attraction secrets! Secret # 1: Feelings Matter... A Lot! It's not just our thoughts that matter, but our feelings as well! In fact, I'd go as far as to say that our emotions are far stronger and more powerful than our thoughts! Why?

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,283 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Improving Reading Comprehension Skills: 3 Tips To Enhance Your Reading Ability

These days, people want to know all about improving reading comprehension skills. If you're one of those people, then congratulations are in order. You've realized what a lot of other people have failed to; that is, the world needs people with superior reading comprehension skills. It's not just about speed reading and understanding the language anymore; it's about doing so efficiently. If you're ready to embark on the jou ey to improving reading comprehension skills, then these tips would help you: Tip # 1: Broaden Your Mind.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,256 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Components Of The Writing Process - Simple Tips For Writing Fantastic Content

There are different components of the writing process that can be used by many individuals to improve their output. In fact, not all writers today can brag of high-quality results all the time. This all depends on the creativity of our minds, as well as the determination we have in getting it ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

890 views2/5 (1)

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Words for Thank You Notes: Thoughtful Words To Express Your Thanks

It’s highly important that you choose the best words for thank you notes. After all, you want to let people know how much you appreciate what they have done or given you. A simple thank you isn’t going to cut it anymore. Choosing words for thank you notes isn’t that hard. You ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,233 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Quotes On Faith And Hope To Ignite Your Motivation

In times of distress, don't let yourself get down. Find ways to uplift your spirit. Enter quotes on faith and hope. Somehow, these words have the power to make you smile and try even harder. Here is a collection of such quotes that I hope will motivate you to do your best. Quote # 1 on Faith and Hope: "Reason is our soul's left hand, faith her right." - John Donne In life, there must be a balance between reason and faith. A person who runs on pure reason will never find fulfillment in his accomplishments, while a person who is all faith and no backbone will never go far.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,195 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Quotes On True Friendship: Is Your Friend For Real?

Quotes on true friendship help us see the difference between a real friend and someone who's just pretending to be one. And while this can be a difficult task (as we'd all like to think our friends are all true), it is equally important that we remove the wool from our eyes lest we get hurt. Read on for these inspirational quotes. Quote # 1 On True Friendship: "A true friend is someone you can disagree with and still remain friends. For if not, they weren't true friends in the first place." - Sandy Ratliff

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,195 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How to Get Rid of an Inferiority Complex and Boost Your Self-Esteem

It’s important for people, especially teenagers, to learn how to get rid of inferiority complex. Inferiority complex means thinking and/or feeling less worthy or less talented than the people around you. It’s entirely different from humility. Learning how to get rid of inferiority ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,189 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

3 Tips To Bring Out The Charismatic Person Within You

There’s a reason why everybody loves Barack Obama. And no, that’s not because he’s the president of the United States. That bit came after. Everybody loves Barack Obama the same reason everybody loves Ellen DeGeneres, George Clooney and half of the A-list celebrities out there. And that’s because he knows how to be charismatic. With just a smile and a wave, he has the entire world captivated. You, too, can learn how to be charismatic like Mr. President. Just follow these steps and you’ll soon be on your way to wooing your own public.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,170 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Amazing Face Reading Techniques: 3 Simple Ways To Read A Person Through Their Face

Did you know you can decode a person's thoughts and feelings using the amazing face reading techniques in this article? In most cases, these methods are the easiest to use because a person's face is almost always accessible. And while some people can keep their expressions neutral, they can't always keep up the charade or control every muscle twitch on their faces. If you want to discover some of the most amazing face reading techniques, read on. Amazing Face Reading Technique # 1: The Sniffles

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,169 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

3 Personal Development Ideas To Greatly Enhance Your Life

I got good personal development ideas to share with you. Some of them might seem a little unorthodox, and perhaps you might even wonder what they'll do for you, but give it a chance and you might be surprised at how your life improves. Interested in personal growth ideas? Read on! Personal Development Idea # 1: Visit New Places. Traveling is a good way to see aspects of yourself you previously did not know. A new environment will push you to be daring and adventurous.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,157 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How to Get Over a Guy in 3 Simple Steps

Want to know how to get over a guy? It may take some time, especially if you had been seeing this guy for a long period of time. Sometimes, emotional scars are harder to heal than physical ones. However, trying to get over someone is achievable. Even though you feel like you won’t ever see the ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,152 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Signs Of A Controlling Spouse: Warning Signs That Your Spouse Has A Controlling Personality

Does the person you fell in love with - or ended up marrying - have a controlling personality? If you ended up with the brooding and emotional type — those who obviously have a lot of issues to deal with, then watch out for their inability to give up control. This article focuses ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,143 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Foods that Make You Sleepy: Are You Eating These Foods That Put You To Sleep?

You know you didn’t stay out late last night and you even managed a full eight hours of sleep. So why are you yawning like you pulled an all-nighter? Although lack of sleep has often been tagged as the culprit behind sleepiness, it might not be the one to blame this time around. Try to remember what you had for breakfast or lunch. They might be included in the list of foods that make you sleepy. While foods are meant to give you nourishment, there are some which make you crash and burn at the worst possible times. Below are the foods that make you sleepy.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,141 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How to Know if He’s in Love Through His Actions

What’s up with him lately? Something’s different about him. Well, if you look a little closer, maybe you’ll see that he is just showing signs of a guy in cloud nine. Yes, there are signs a man is in love you can look out for! So don’t worry. He’s not having a fever or having hallucinations. If ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,140 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How To Rise From Failure In 5 Simple Steps

Want to know how to rise from failure? Then this article is for you. When you are dealt with a devastating blow, you need to get back up. It isn’t always easy, but it’s possible. And while there are harsh lessons along the way, the reward at the end of the road is definitely worth it. Read on to learn how to rise from failure. Step 1: Evaluate Yourself. The first thing you must do is pick up where you left off. What really happened? No sugarcoating now. Be honest with yourself and pinpoint areas where you made mistakes.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,123 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Romantic Ways to Propose - Red Hot Tips to Make Her Say "Yes!"

Ready to take the proverbial plunge? Planning to tie the knot once and for all but haven’t got the slightest idea where to begin? Well, you can start by choosing from the most romantic ways to propose listed here. These romantic ways to propose will merely point you in the right ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,113 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Characteristics Of Good Leadership: How Effective Leaders Lead Their Team To Success

Oftentimes, we find it hard to identify the characteristics of good leadership. In one book, a leader is described as the take-charge person who leads his team. In another, you’re considered a leader if you empower your subordinates and rely on their own ability to make decisions for the team. ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

1,286 views1/5 (1)

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

5 Persuasion Techniques To Get Anyone's Attention Fast

To be able to persuade effectively, you must apply persuasion techniques to get people's attention. However, too many things are often craving for our attention. Because of this, we have developed a sort of filter to shield out those we deemed not important. The question is: How do we get past the human filter, in order for our message to be heard and for others to pay attention to us? Here's 5 persuasion techniques to accomplish that... Persuasion Technique # 1: Enter Their World.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,095 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Passive Aggressive Behavior: The Awful Truth About Passive Aggressive Behavior

Many things have been said about passive aggressive behavior that can sometimes make it difficult for a person to process the information in one sitting. However, this article will give you the low down on what this behavior is all about, what causes it and how to deal with it. Passive aggressive behavior is quite common in society and has different forms of manifestation. You, your friends or your co-workers actually have a very good chance of exhibiting this behavior. Below are some of the most common questions people have about this condition.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,084 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How To Do Cosmic Ordering: 3 Powerful Tips To Attain Your Desires

Learning how to do cosmic ordering is quite easy if you know the basics. After all, such a thing already feels natural to most people. If this is the first time you're hearing about it, it won't take long before you find that connection with the universe again. So how does one learn how to do cosmic ordering? There are actually a number of ways for you to get your desires and message across the universe. They include: Cosmic Ordering Tip # 1: Know What You Want.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,081 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How to Attract an Abundant Business and Life

People have different ways of attracting abundance and prosperity into their lives. Entrepreneurs, in particular, seem to be the most conce ed about this and have a variety of ways hidden unde eath their sleeves. If you’re just starting a business, or if your business is not exactly ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

841 views2/5 (1)

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How To Improve Your Speed Reading Skills In 3 Easy Steps

When we were kids, everyone had the same level of speed reading skills. We all finished reading our books more or less at the same time. As we grew older, however, there became a noticeable disparity in speed. Some of us were able to devour a book in a day while others find themselves plowing through the same book for a week! If you belong to the latter, then this is your chance to improve yourself. If you belong to the former, well, a little level-up certainly won't hurt you. Read on to learn how to improve your speed reading skills. Step 1: Keep Your Mind Active.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,067 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Rapport Building Questions: How To Ask Questions To Win Friends And Trust

Knowing how to ask rapport building questions is a basic skill in sales, but it does a lot more than help you close a deal. Most people haven't realized it yet; but knowing how to ask questions can also get you good grades, earn people's respect and cement relationships. In short, knowing how to ask rapport building questions is a necessary skill in life if you want to succeed. Read on to find out how! 1) Establish common ground. When it comes to establishing rapport, it is crucial that you find something in common with the other person first.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,052 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How to Start A Blog: 3 Easy Steps to Attract Readers

Blogs are all the rage these days. If you haven’t caught up to the trend yet, perhaps it’s time you learn how to start a blog. I believe you know how to operate a computer and have been exposed to the World Wide Web. If you’ve reached this sentence and still don’t know what I’m talking about, ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

834 views2/5 (1)

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Sleep Programming: Can It Change Your Life While You Sleep?

You're not in a sci-fi convention nor are you in some sort of lab, so why should you be conce ing yourself about things like sleep programming (also known as sleep learning or hypnopaedia)? Well, it is a completely revolutionary concept that will blow your mind. Let me tell you more about it right now. What is Sleep Programming? It is exactly as its namesake suggests. Programming your mind or learning while you sleep is indeed possible. However, it's not as instantaneous and advanced as you might think.

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,043 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

3 Profitable Ways to Make Your Blog a Moneymaking Machine

It’s easy to make money blogging. It doesn’t matter whether you’re a 9-to-5 worker or a full-time housewife. It doesn’t even matter whether you’re still in school or a dropout. As long as you have decent writing skills and access to the Inte et, there’s no end to the cash-making possibilities. ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

832 views2/5 (1)

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Covert Persuasion Techniques Using The Persuasion Law Of Expectation

In this eye-opening article, I’ll reveal some astonishing covert persuasion techniques to help you persuade and influence people to do what you want. Ever heard of the expression “You get what you expect?” It’s a fact supported by a persuasion law known as expectation, ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

3,028 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Automatic Negative Thoughts: How To Stop Automatic Negative Thoughts In 3 Simple Steps

Automatic negative thoughts can cause serious damage to your confidence and your decision making skills. They can keep you from doing the things you've always wanted to do and from saying the things you want to say. And, well, that's not much of a life at all, is it? Fortunately, there are ways to stop these automatic negative thoughts before they take over your life! Read on to find out how! Step 1: A Positive Thought a Day... Thinking negative might be second nature to you, but that doesn't mean you can't think positive thoughts either.

Primary topic: Persuasion

2,996 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Body Language And Sign Of Attraction: How To Interpret Body Language And Sign Of Attraction

How do you know if somebody likes you or not? Fortunately, the rules haven’t changed much since you were in high school. By learning how to observe body language and sign of attraction, you’ll be able to determine whether someone likes you or not. Body language and sign of ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

2,982 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How To Make A Guy Want You Bad In 5 Simple Steps

Do you want to know how to make a guy want you bad? No problem! Despite how difficult it may seem at first, getting his attention is not all that hard. Just stick with me and you’ll bag any man you want soon. To get you started, here are 5 simple steps on how to make a guy want you bad. Step 1: Show Only Hints Of Skin. Have you ever heard of the saying, “If you’ve got it, flaunt it?” In this case, it’s okay to flaunt off your curves, but just take care not to reveal too much skin.

Primary topic: Persuasion

2,978 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Communication With Old People: 3 Important Rules To Remember

Communication with old people involves more than just words and our sense of hearing. We also use our sense of sight, smell, touch, and most of all, our cognition. Communicating with the elderly can prove to be challenging, especially when taking into consideration their decline in mental and physical abilities. This is why it’s important to learn how to effectively handle communication with old people - especially if you have a loved one, relative or friend who you want to maintain and nurture a relationship with. Here are 3 important rules to remember:

Primary topic: Persuasion

2,962 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How To Say I'm Sorry: 4 Heartwarming Tips To Apologize

Saying sorry is one of the hardest things to do in this world. Sometimes, even the two words, “I’m sorry,” are not enough to express what we truly feel. Learning how to say I’m sorry is definitely a creative process. From expensive gifts to hand-written letters, the ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

2,959 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Nonverbal Signs of Lying: Ways To Tell If Someone Is Lying Through Their Body Language

It’s sad that a lot of people get away with telling lies. But the good news is that there are nonverbal signs of lying that can help you figure out who’s sincere and who’s deceptive. Learning to detect nonverbal signs of lying is a handy skill to have. It helps you steer ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

2,951 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Explain Blogging: Why People Are Going Crazy Over Blogging

Nowadays, everyone from celebrities to regular people are blogging like there’s no tomorrow. But if you have no idea what I’m talking about, I’d be glad to explain blogging to you! Fear not. You don’t need any special skills on computers or social media to understand blogging. To explain ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

758 views1.5/5 (2)

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

How To Get A Woman To Like You In 3 Easy Steps

As a certified red-blooded male, one of the most important lessons you must learn is how to get a woman to like you. Whether it’s the snobby secretary from the 12th floor or the gorgeous neighbor who just moved in, you must be equipped with a few smooth moves that will impress the ladies. To avoid making a fool out of yourself, here are 3 simple steps you can follow to get a woman to like you. Step 1: Be Scent-sational.

Primary topic: Persuasion

2,941 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Quotes On Getting Through Tough Times And Staying Positive

Life can get a little challenging at times; but if you read quotes on getting through tough times, you’ll find yourself feeling a little better. Suddenly, your situation doesn’t seem to be as dire as it seemed a moment ago. Reading quotes on getting through tough times is quite a helpful activity, especially if you don’t have anybody to talk to at the moment. After all, knowing that other people have somehow made it through their respective obstacles can be really inspiring. Read these motivational quotes to help you stay positive amidst the challenges.

Primary topic: Persuasion

2,911 views

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Best Technical Writing Fields: Writing Your Way To Fun And Money

A technical writer’s work isn’t exactly among the top ten most exciting jobs in the world, but it doesn’t mean that it’s all work and no play all the time. In fact, the best technical writing fields are usually those that are fun to write. If you have a passion for writing and are looking for ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

796 views2/5 (1)

By Michael LeeRecently published1 topic

Highest Paying Careers: Exciting And Rewarding Careers Worth Pursuing

If you think that you have to sacrifice enjoyment and excitement for a top paying job, you’ve got it all wrong. To be quite honest, some of the highest paying careers in the world are those that are the most rewarding - in more ways than one. Many people have the wrong notion that having one ...

Primary topic: Persuasion

2,910 views

Previous pagePage 9Next page

Back to top ↑