Laccase is a polyphenol oxidase (ρ-diphenol oxidase, EC1.10.3.2) containing four copper ions. It belongs to copper blue oxidase and exists in the form of monomeric glycoprotein. Laccase exists in mushrooms, bacteria and plants, and can also survive in the air. The only product after the reaction ... Views: 349
Serum enzyme tests have been used in clinical practice for a long time, such as increased amylase activity in serum and urine of patients with acute pancreatitis. In the 1930s, some scholars reported that the determination of serum lipase and alkaline phosphatase activities is helpful for the ... Views: 327
As a kind of enzymes for diagnostic use. Serum amylase (AMS) is the main type of amylase in serum. It belongs to glycoside chain hydrolase, which is mainly derived from the pancreas. In addition, there are also a small amount of secretion in the proximal duodenum, lung, uterus, and breast during ... Views: 357
The modern industry's interpretation of enzymes refers to proteins with catalytic functions. Enzymes, as natural catalysts, promote various chemical reactions in cells and play a vital role in the existence of living organisms. It has been 130 to 140 years since the concept of enzyme was put ... Views: 351
In 2018, the global enzyme product market reached approximately US$9.3 billion. It is expected that from 2019 to 2025, this market will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 7.1%, reaching a scale of US$14.9 billion. Increasing demand for enzymes in industries such as food and beverages, ... Views: 342
Probiotics are a type of active microorganisms that play a role by improving the balance of the host's intestinal microflora. They can produce definite health effects to improve the host's microecological balance and play a beneficial role. In 2001, the World Food and Agriculture Organization ... Views: 335
Starting from a cup of coffee or milk in the morning, it seems that a vital substance—enzyme, is inseparable from modern people's dining table. In fact, not only in the food and beverage industry, but also in medical, household, health, energy, environment and other fields, enzymes are playing ... Views: 293
Papain is a low specificity proteolytic enzyme. It is widely found in the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of papaya, and has the highest content in immature latex. Papain is a sulfhydryl protease, and its active site contains cysteine, which has the characteristics of high enzymatic activity, ... Views: 325
Disinfection methods are divided into physical methods, chemical methods and biological methods. The use of biological enzymes as disinfectants should be one of the biological disinfection methods. Biological disinfection is the use of animals, plants, microorganisms and (or) their metabolites ... Views: 339
1. Source of Cellulase
Cellulase is of great significance in expanding the comprehensive utilization of raw materials and plant materials in the food industry, increasing the utilization rate of raw materials, purifying the environment and opening up new energy sources. The source of cellulase ... Views: 315
Enzyme, early refers to "in yeast", refers to a biological catalyst produced by living cells in the organism. Most are composed of protein (a few are RNA), which can efficiently catalyze various biochemical reactions and promote the metabolism of organisms under very mild conditions in the body. ... Views: 292
1. Trypsin
Trypsin is the main protease in the pancreas and is the most thoroughly studied of all proteases. Mainly because it is not only widely used in the food industry, it is also an important digestive enzyme. It is white to light brownish yellow amorphous powder, soluble in water, almost ... Views: 279
Lysozyme is a powerful bactericidal substance discovered in nasal mucus by British bacteriologist Fenin in 1929, and was subsequently named lysozyme.
Lysozyme, also known as muramidase or glycoside hydrolase or N-acetyl muramidyl glycanhydrolase, is a hydrolase that specifically acts on the ... Views: 355
With the development of biotechnology in the modern information age, humans have conducted more and more in-depth research and development on enzymes. Correspondingly, the application of enzymes in medicine has become more and more extensive. Through a review of recent research papers on the ... Views: 659
At the beginning of the 20th century, the enzymes in body fluids were measured clinically to diagnose diseases. For example, Wohlgemuth measured amylase (AMY) in urine as early as 1908 to diagnose acute pancreatitis. In the 1930s, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was clinically tested for the ... Views: 364
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines probiotics as live bacteria that can play a beneficial role in the health of consumers by ingesting an appropriate amount. This contains three characteristics of probiotics:
1. Probiotics are "live bacteria"
That is, probiotics can resist various ... Views: 293
Probiotics and gut microbiota have been international research hotspots and social hot topics in recent years. In media reports, probiotics often have various health effects and can "treat multiple diseases"; however, some media reports that "probiotics are useless" or even "probiotics are ... Views: 302
Enzymes are biocatalysts produced by living cells in organisms, most of which are usually globular proteins. These enzymes can effectively catalyze various biochemical reactions and promote the metabolism of organisms under normal human conditions. Life activities such as digestion, absorption, ... Views: 279
The intestine is the human body's largest digestive and immune organ, responsible for 99% of nutrient absorption and 70% of immune work. The amount of food consumed in a lifetime is equivalent to 12 elephants. The intestine has more than 400 kinds of 10 trillion bacteria, diligently maintaining ... Views: 303
Once upon a time, breast milk was considered the best food for babies. Until now, many people still believe in this. However, even the most perfect food in nature can be contaminated by the earth's ecology destroyed by humans. The pollution and destruction of the ecological environment and the ... Views: 437
Enzyme preparations have penetrated into all aspects of our lives due to their high efficiency, safety, non-toxic side effects and low environmental impact. For example, the bread we eat, the juice and beverage we drink, the seasoning for cooking, and the paper documents we use can all use ... Views: 366
Industrialization has changed our past dietary habits of natural foods. At the same time, environmental pollution makes our food more or less contaminated. Hypertension, coronary heart disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity and other cardiovascular diseases based on the typical symptoms of ... Views: 384
1. Are probiotics bacteria?
When it comes to bacteria, many people equate it with pathogenic bacteria and "sterilize" as much as possible. However, not all bacteria are harmful. There are many microorganisms such as bacteria that are beneficial to human health. They are generally divided into ... Views: 386
The concept of probiotics originated in Greek, meaning "good for life". As early as in ancient times, humans’ ordinary diets are already rich in lactic acid fermentation foods. Probiotic products refer to live bacteria preparations and their metabolic products that promote the host's ... Views: 383
With the improvement of living conditions, the flavor, taste and nutrition of food have higher standards, and the food processing industry is developing in the direction of safer and higher quality. Green, safe and efficient enzyme preparations are good substitutes for chemical agents in ... Views: 664
At present, people have a deep understanding of the importance of macro-ecological balance, but micro-ecological balance is far from receiving the attention it deserves. Understanding the importance of the micro-ecological balance of the human body and maintaining the micro-ecological balance ... Views: 329
There are as many as four to five hundred kinds of bacteria in the human intestine, some of which secrete antibiotic-like substances to combat harmful bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, and Clostridium perfringens. Such bacteria are called probiotics. The presence ... Views: 331
Cancer, or malignant tumor, has become one of the most common fatal diseases. There are about 11 million new cancer cases in the world every year, and new cancer cases in China account for 20.3% each year. It has always been a major public enemy threatening health. The occurrence of cancer is ... Views: 312
The gastrointestinal tract represents the most extensive interface between the human organism and the external environment. The human gastrointestinal tract is settled by a complex microbial ecosystem, in which microbiota, nutrients and host cells interact extensively. This is a crucial process ... Views: 345
There are more than 50 kinds of microorganisms (including aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria) living in the vagina of healthy women, and it is also a microbial ecology. Aerobic bacteria include: vaginal bacillus (dominant), corynebacterium, non-hemolytic streptococcus, enterococcus, ... Views: 399
It is generally believed that prebiotics provide "food" to probiotics, which can be decomposed and absorbed by beneficial bacteria in the intestines, and promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria. The familiar bifidus factor is a prebiotic that promotes the growth of ... Views: 299
Carbohydrates are one of the basic substances that make up living organisms and play an important role in various life activities. At present, there is no living body that can exist without carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are not only the main source of cell energy, but also play an important role ... Views: 507
What is Proteomics?
Proteome refers to all the proteins expressed by a genome or a cell or tissue. Proteome is a dynamic concept. It is to explore the mode of action, functional mechanism, regulation and control of proteins as well as the mutual relationship within the protein population at the ... Views: 517
Metabolomics is a discipline that studies the types and quantities of endogenous metabolites in organisms and their changing laws under internal and external factors. It is an important part of systems biology. In the late 1990s, Nicholson first proposed the concept of "metabonomics", which ... Views: 567
In order to improve the quality of raw materials during the processing and production of Western-style pastry, some additives are often needed to assist the processing in the initial processing stage. However, for different taste needs, if the appropriate selection and dosage adjustment of these ... Views: 422
Cellulose accounts for about 1/2 of the total dry weight of plants. It is the oldest and most abundant natural polymer material on earth, and it is the inexhaustible and most precious natural renewable resource for mankind. However, due to the high degree of polymerization of plant fiber and the ... Views: 338
As research on intestinal microbes continues, probiotics are flooding the market. The industrial applications of probiotics continue to flourish. So far, the application of probiotics has covered many aspects such as fermented foods, dietary supplements, health care products additives, and ... Views: 307
Immobilized enzyme is a new technology developed in the 1960s. The so-called immobilized enzyme refers to an enzyme that has a catalytic effect in a certain space and can be used repeatedly and continuously. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are usually carried out in aqueous solutions, while ... Views: 481
Feed complex enzymes are a class of hydrolytic enzymes, including amylase, protease, lipase, phytase, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, β-glucanase, mannanase, etc. There are no enzymes that decompose phytate, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and other non-starch polysaccharides in the digestive ... Views: 473
The pulp and paper industry is one of the important pillar industries of the national economy, but the current pulp and paper industry is faced with the shortage of raw materials, energy shortages, and serious pollution, which restrict its development.
In recent years, people have ... Views: 392
Washing powder has a history of more than 100 years. German Henkel invented washing powder for the first time in 1907 using borate and silicate as the main raw materials. Washing powder is an alkaline synthetic detergent. The main component of washing powder is anionic surfactant: sodium ... Views: 765
Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3), the full name of triacylglycerol hydrolase, is a class of biological enzymes that can hydrolyze long-chain fatty acid glycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides, diglycerides or glycerol. It can be derived from animals, plants and microorganisms, and can catalyze ... Views: 386
We are very familiar with amylase, no matter in biochemistry, biochemical inspection, or internal medicine, we cannot avoid amylase. Amylase testing is also one of the most commonly used testing items in clinical laboratories.
The discovery of amylase can be traced back to the first ... Views: 347
Pepsin is one of the main protein degradation or proteolytic enzymes in the digestive system. During the digestion process, pepsin acts on complex dietary proteins and is broken down into peptides and amino acids that are easily absorbed by the intestinal wall. It can be used as an adjuvant ... Views: 425
What is the role of protease?
One of the main functions of proteases is to process proteins. Proteins in the body are difficult to digest and do not contain enzymes. Other types of proteases are involved in regulating the activities of blood clotting cells. These enzymes are also called ... Views: 350
High school textbooks say that most enzymes are proteins. This sentence is not comprehensive, and you can't know this fact just by deduction—enzymes are not only proteins, but also RNases.
What is an enzyme?
Enzymes are defined as macromolecules capable of catalyzing biochemical reactions. ... Views: 379
Various biochemical reactions continue to occur in organisms, which require corresponding enzymes to catalyze, so there are many types of enzymes. According to statistics from the enzyme website BRENDA, the number of enzymes officially included has reached 7,984.
To study and apply these ... Views: 408
As biocatalysts, enzymes and general catalysts are the same in many respects. For example, the amount is small but the catalytic efficiency is high. Like general catalysts, enzymes can only change the speed of chemical reactions, not the equilibrium point of chemical reactions. The enzyme itself ... Views: 498
The essence of most enzymes is protein, and only a few enzymes are RNA, so this article only discusses enzymes composed of proteins. These enzymes, like other proteins, are composed of amino acids and have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. Enzymes will also be denatured ... Views: 676
Enzymes have unparalleled advantages over ordinary catalysts and have been widely used in food, medicine, textile, detergent and cosmetics industries. Most of these applications are performed in aqueous solution, but many valuable products are insoluble in water, and there are many useful ... Views: 314