The exact biological changes that occur with migraine, cluster, and tension headaches are not completely known. Depakote, a brand name for the prescription medication divalproex sodium, manufactured by Abbot Laboratories, is used to treat seizures and migraine headaches, as well as manic episodes that stem from bipolar disorder. The medicine comes in three distinct forms: Depakote, Depakote ER and Depakote Sprinkle Capsules. Only Depakote and Depakote ER are used for manic episodes and migraine prevention, while all three forms are used to combat seizures. They are sometimes used in combination with other seizure-fighting medications, but are also used alone in some cases. Depakote is for use by adults or youth age 10 or older.

Valproate semisodium or divalproex sodium consists of a compound of sodium valproate and valproic acid in a 1:1 molar relationship in an enteric coated form. It is used in the United Kingdom, Canada, and United States for the treatment of the manic episodes of bipolar disorder. In rare cases, it is also used as a treatment for major depressive disorder, and increasingly taken long-term for prevention of both manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder, especially the rapid-cycling variant.

Depakote is not listed among the Drug Enforcement Agency's list of controlled substances, which consists of drugs that are considered to have abuse potential. Some research has suggested that Depakote may actually be a promising treatment for withdrawal symptoms among alcohol abusers. Benzodiazepines, which are traditionally used for the same purpose, have a risk for abuse while Depakote reportedly does not, making Depakote a potentially preferable treatment.

Depakote should be given with extreme caution to patients with liver disease. There has been some correlation of Depakote with liver problems, so your doctor may check liver function with blood tests. Hepatotoxicity can be very dangerous.Depakote can cause pancreatitis. Patients and guardians should be warned that abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and/or anorexia can be symptoms of pancreatitis that require prompt medical evaluation. If pancreatitis is diagnosed, valproate should ordinarily be discontinued. In elderly patients, dosage adjustment and close monitoring of potential side effects will be important. Doctors may monitor fluid and nutritional intake as dehydration may appear.Depakote is excreted in breast milk.

According to the FDA, consideration should be given to discontinuing nursing when Depakote is given to a nursing woman. Taking Depakote and Lamictal (lamotrigine) together can increase the likelihood of serious skin rashes including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Lamictal dosage should be reduced when co-administered with Depakote. This drug is available in a variety of forms and dosages, including capsules, sprinkles, extended-release capsules and oral solutions. Depakote levels are routinely followed through with blood tests. The most common side effects of Depakote when used for bipolar disorder are somnolence, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, abdominal pain and rash. Also, hair loss can occur for a time.

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