Glucosamine is a natural component of cartilage and is widely used as an over-the-counter nutritional supplement to reduce the pain and cartilage loss of osteoarthritis. Glucosamine is usually taken in combination with chondroitin, which is a glycosaminoglycan that also exists in ... Views: 16
Nanoplates are classified as having only one dimension in the nanometre range. The most widely utilized types of nanoplates are silicate clay minerals (montmorillonite) and graphite, which both exist in the form of layered materials. The main advantage of layered nanomaterials is their ... Views: 18
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important food-borne pathogen that causes food contamination and food poisoning. It is also a symbiont of human skin and mucous membranes. About 20% to 30% of healthy individuals carry Staphylococcus aureus. Animal foods are susceptible to Staphylococcus ... Views: 18
Although natural hirudin is in great demand in clinical and pharmaceutical research, it is not easy to obtain. With the gradual exhaustion of natural leech resources, the gap between supply and demand is expanding year by year. In order to alleviate the shortage of leech resources, researchers ... Views: 18
Glucosamine is a natural component of cartilage and is widely used as an over-the-counter nutritional supplement to reduce the pain and cartilage loss of osteoarthritis. Glucosamine is usually taken in combination with chondroitin, which is a glycosaminoglycan that also exists in ... Views: 25
Melamine (1, 3, 5-triamino-2, 4, 6-triazine) resin, or melamine formaldehyde (MF) is one of the hardest and stiffest thermosetting polymers, which provides good properties and performance. It is an amino resin and has various material advantages, such as transparency, better hardness, thermal ... Views: 28
An international team of researchers has discovered the first human antibody that effectively neutralizes two types of hantaviruses in animal models, according to a study published online in the journal Science Translational Medicine. Based on their preliminary results, the antibody appears to ... Views: 22
Strongyloides is an opportunistic pathogenic parasitic nematode. Adults parasitize in the small intestine of cats, dogs and humans. The larvae can invade lung, brain, liver, kidney and other tissues and organs, causing strongyloidiasis. The disease is mainly prevalent in warm and humid tropical ... Views: 34
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanoparticles which exhibit size and composition-dependent optical and electronic (optoelectronic) properties. QDs are ultrasmall, typically falling in the size range between 1.5 and 10.0 nm. QDs are new types of fluorescent materials for biological labeling. ... Views: 34
Heparin, also known as standard heparin or unfractionated heparin, is a linear polysaccharide consisting of 1-4 linked disaccharide repeat units of uronic acid and glucosamine residues. Heparin was discovered nearly 100 years ago and has been used clinically as a blood anticoagulant since 1935. ... Views: 35
Over the past few decades, there have been multiple outbreaks of viruses causing severe and severe disease around the world, including known and unknown viral pathogens such as SARS-CoV, Ebola, Lassa fever, Marburg virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, Rift Valley fever virus and Middle East ... Views: 32
Food allergy (food hypersensitivity) is an abnormal reaction of the body’s immune system caused by food. More precisely, it is an allergic reaction caused by allergens in food.
Food allergy has become a global public health problem. According to reports, the incidence of allergic reactions in ... Views: 35
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor nanoparticles are one kind of important and promising photocatalysts in photocatalysis because of their unique optical and electronic properties. Their properties, which are determined by the preparation method, are very crucial in photocatalysis.
What ... Views: 51
Due to the excellent characteristics of metal nanoclusters, they have many applications in the field of biomedicine. Current research shows that metal nanoclusters have good application value in biosensors, nucleic acid and protein molecular detection.
Application of Metal Nanoclusters in ... Views: 45
Hirudin is one of the most significant and most studied active ingredients in leeches and their salivary glands. It is a small molecule protein (polypeptide). Leeches are rich in hirudin, which has a strong inhibitory effect on thrombin and is the strongest natural specific inhibitor of thrombin ... Views: 46
Obesity refers to a certain degree of obvious overweight and thick fat layer, which is a state caused by excessive accumulation of body fat, especially triglycerides. Excessive food intake or changes in the body’s metabolism lead to excessive accumulation of fat in the body, resulting in ... Views: 42
Carbon dots, also known as carbon quantum dots (CQDs, CDs, or C-dots) or graphene quantum dots, possess chemical structure and physical properties similar to those of graphene oxide. Carbon quantum dots were accidentally discovered during purification of single-wall nanotubes in 2004 and have ... Views: 52
Dextran is a polysaccharide comprised of d-glucopyranose (d-glucose) repeating units linked through glycosidic linkages. It is biocompatible, biodegradable, and presents antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Dextran functional hydroxyl (–OH) groups offer an easy point for chemical ... Views: 47
The chemical structure of polyethylene glycol (PEG) is HO-(CH2CH2)n-OH, which is a general term for ethylene glycol polymers with a relative molecular mass of 200 to 8000 and above.
Polyethylene glycol is the polymer with the lowest level of absorption by proteins and cells among the known ... Views: 72
Impurities derived from cell culture include but are not limited to inducers, antibiotics, serum and other media components. These impurities need to be tested and evaluated one by one using risk assessment and risk management methods. If there is a potential impact on product safety, the ... Views: 67
Metal nanoclusters are a kind of nanomaterials with a size of less than 2 nm and stacked by 1 to 150 metal atoms. Metal nanoclusters have a typical core-shell structure, consisting of a metal atomic core and a ligand molecular shell. Ligands are usually substances that have strong covalent ... Views: 68
According to a new study published in December, small, unique antibody-like proteins called VNARs—from the shark’s immune system—can prevent the virus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19, its variants, and related coronaviruses from infecting human cells. This work is published in Nature ... Views: 66
Recently, some experts have identified an essential part of the long-term memory of the immune system, providing useful new details for the design of better vaccines that are suitable for many diseases from COVID-19 to malaria. This new study, published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, ... Views: 65
What Are Neutral Lipids?
Neutral lipids are defined as hydrophobic molecules lacking charged groups. Neutral lipids, such as cholesteryl ester (CE), triacylglycerol (TAG), and wax ester (WE), provide organisms with inert forms of energy used in conditions of nutrient deprivation and ... Views: 60
Gold nanorods, as a kind of capsule-like gold nanoparticles with a scale from a few nanometers to hundreds of nanometers, have more peculiar optical properties than spherical gold nanoparticles due to their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. Gold nanorods are biomaterials ... Views: 65
The development of agricultural industrialization makes the production of agricultural products increasingly dependent on foreign substances such as pesticides, antibiotics and hormones. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), more than 1,000 pesticides are used all over the world. ... Views: 75
What is near-infrared fluorescence imaging?
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence is a light wavelength of 650–950 nm and is generally preferred for in vivo fluorescence imaging because of its good tissue penetration and low autofluorescence from 676565adjacent tissues. NIR fluorescence imaging is ... Views: 86
At present, a variety of chemical drugs are combined with nano-carriers to make lung-inhaled nano-preparations, and have achieved good results, such as anti-tuberculosis drugs, itraconazole, terbutaline sulfate, ciprofloxacin, curcumin and Camptothecin.
Anti-tuberculosis drugs
Polylactic ... Views: 69
One of the characteristics that cancer cells can obtain and maintain in the body is their ability to evade detection and destruction by the human immune system. For example, some tumor cells produce higher-than-normal amounts of protein as a “don’t eat me” signal, which exists on the cell ... Views: 82
Nanoparticle synthesis refers to methods for creating nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can be derived from larger molecules, or synthesized by ‘bottom-up’ methods that, for example, nucleate and grow particles from fine molecular distributions in liquid or vapour phase. Synthesis can also include ... Views: 109
Liposomes are vesicular structures, and the unique advantages imparted by lipid vesicles are their diverse range of morphologies, compositions, abilities to envelope and protect many types of therapeutic biomolecules, lack of immunogenic response, low cost, and their differential release ... Views: 101
Sphingolipids are the most structurally diverse class of membrane lipids, being composed of over 70 long-chain (sphingoid) bases, dozens of amide-linked fatty acids, and more than 300 headgroups. Sphingolipids are present in all eukaryotic and some prokaryotic organisms.
1.What Is The ... Views: 98
As we all know, tumor tissue is not only composed of cancer cells, it also contains other types of cells. These other cell types can affect tumor behavior and have a profound impact on whether the tumor will respond to therapy, including immunity therapy etc. Fibroblasts are distributed ... Views: 90
lock copolymer micelles are generally formed by the self-assembly of either amphiphilic or oppositely charged copolymers in aqueous medium. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks form the corona and the core of the micelles, respectively.
Block copolymer micellescan be classified according to ... Views: 108
Monomers are molecules that can react together with other monomer molecules to form a larger polymer chain or three-dimensional network in a process called polymerization. There are mainly four types of monomers, including sugars, amino acids, fatty acids, and nucleotides, and each of these ... Views: 122
Antibodies are biological protein molecules that are produced by immune B cells after being stimulated by antigens that can specifically bind to the antigen, and then neutralize the antigen. Because antibodies can specifically bind antigens with high affinity, antibodies have always been one of ... Views: 80
What is organelles isolation?
The separation of organelles is achieved by cell membrane lysis and density gradient centrifugation to separate organelles from contaminated cell structures. The intact nucleus and organelles have a unique size in mammalian cells, allowing them to be separated by ... Views: 92
The structure of all immunoglobulins is basically the same, consisting of two heavy chains (Heavy, abbreviated as H) and two light chains (Light, abbreviated as L), and looks like a “Y”-shaped symmetrical macromolecule. The stem of “Y” is called the Fc segment, which consists of the -COOH group ... Views: 112
Nanoclusters are gold compounds with a core of metal atoms and organic groups covalently bound to the surface gold atoms. Due to their small size, these nanoclusters exhibit intrinsic near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence.
What is cluster in nanotechnology?
Clusters are small aggregates of ... Views: 115
PEGs (polyethylene glycols) are composed of polyether compounds repeating ethylene glycol units according to the constituent monomer or parent molecule (as ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, or oxyethylene). Most PEGs are commonly available commercially as mixtures of different oligomer sizes in ... Views: 103
Liposomes are spherical vesicles in which their central aqueous section is surrounded by one or more of a bilayer membrane (Lamella) that is frequently enclosed by aquatic environments. These vesicles are formed when amphiphilic lipids confront with aqueous milieu. They can vary in size from 15 ... Views: 111
Lipids are defined as apolar molecules comprising as major classes fatty acids and fatty acid esters of normally natural origin. Non-natural components, such as dicarba-closo-dodecaboranes (in short carboranes) can also form acids and esters, which reveal lipid-like properties. Phospholipids are ... Views: 123
Nanoparticles are a kind of nanomaterials with high dispersion characteristics. It can pass through the hair follicle or stratum corneum, thereby improving the transdermal absorption of the drug and the sustained release of the drug, and can protect the drug from degradation. Solid lipid ... Views: 113
Nanoparticles are a kind of nanomaterials with high dispersion characteristics. It can pass through the hair follicle or stratum corneum, thereby improving the transdermal absorption of the drug and the sustained release of the drug, and can protect the drug from degradation. Solid lipid ... Views: 118
Liposomes are vesicular structures, and the unique advantages imparted by lipid vesicles are their diverse range of morphologies, compositions, abilities to envelope and protect many types of therapeutic biomolecules, lack of immunogenic response, low cost, and their differential release ... Views: 108
In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, the dissociation constant (KD) is a specific type of equilibrium constant used to measure the tendency of larger objects to reversibly separate (dissociate) into smaller components, such as When the complex decomposes into its component molecules or ... Views: 109
Nanoparticles are a kind of nanomaterials with high dispersion characteristics. It can pass through the hair follicle or stratum corneum, thereby improving the transdermal absorption of the drug and the sustained release of the drug, and can protect the drug from degradation. Solid lipid ... Views: 106
anoparticles are a kind of nanomaterials with high dispersion characteristics. It can pass through the hair follicle or stratum corneum, thereby improving the transdermal absorption of the drug and the sustained release of the drug, and can protect the drug from degradation. Solid lipid ... Views: 105
In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, the dissociation constant (KD) is a specific type of equilibrium constant used to measure the tendency of larger objects to reversibly separate (dissociate) into smaller components, such as When the complex decomposes into its component molecules or ... Views: 131