The essence of most enzymes is protein, and only a few enzymes are RNA, so this article only discusses enzymes composed of proteins. These enzymes, like other proteins, are composed of amino acids and have primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures. Enzymes will also be denatured ... Views: 265
With the improvement of living conditions, the flavor, taste and nutrition of food have higher standards, and the food processing industry is developing in the direction of safer and higher quality. Green, safe and efficient enzyme preparations are good substitutes for chemical agents in ... Views: 247
Pectinase is a general term for a group of enzymes that can catalyze the degradation of pectin substances. Pectin substances are usually present in higher plants, such as vegetables, fruits, corn, soybeans, etc., and are one of the components of non-starch polysaccharides. Pectinase degrading ... Views: 245
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a biological enzyme that protects the body from oxidative damage and has significant protective effects on the body. It is widely distributed in animals, plants and microorganisms. SOD has the ability to scavenge superoxide free O2-in the body, and can better resist ... Views: 242
Immobilized enzyme is a new technology developed in the 1960s. The so-called immobilized enzyme refers to an enzyme that has a catalytic effect in a certain space and can be used repeatedly and continuously. Enzyme-catalyzed reactions are usually carried out in aqueous solutions, while ... Views: 241
The role of enzymes in the pharmaceutical industry is mainly to catalyze the conversion of precursor substances into drugs. In addition, immobilized enzyme membranes or enzyme tubes are also widely used in the parameter detection and measurement of pharmaceutical processes, especially ... Views: 231
As biocatalysts, enzymes and general catalysts are the same in many respects. For example, the amount is small but the catalytic efficiency is high. Like general catalysts, enzymes can only change the speed of chemical reactions, not the equilibrium point of chemical reactions. The enzyme itself ... Views: 218
Carbohydrates are one of the basic substances that make up living organisms and play an important role in various life activities. At present, there is no living body that can exist without carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are not only the main source of cell energy, but also play an important role ... Views: 209
Protein, composed of amino acids, is one of the most complex organic compounds found in nature. It is broken down by hydrochloric acid and protease into amino acids that are easily absorbed by the intestinal tract of higher animals and the cell membrane of microbial organisms. Every animal, ... Views: 202
In 1752, the French physiologist Leoma discovered that the meat stuffed in the metal tube had dissolved, but he did not know why.
In 1785, the Italian scientist Lazzalo Sparanzoni put the pieces of meat in an empty metal tube with holes to feed the eagle. Soon after, the metal tube was taken ... Views: 197
Feed complex enzymes are a class of hydrolytic enzymes, including amylase, protease, lipase, phytase, cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, β-glucanase, mannanase, etc. There are no enzymes that decompose phytate, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and other non-starch polysaccharides in the digestive ... Views: 193
Big data has begun a major era of transformation. Big data is changing the way we live and understand the world, and it has also become a source of new inventions and services. In the field of biotechnology, because the cost of sequencing technology has fallen sharply, people can obtain gene ... Views: 190
Multi-enzyme feed is a type of biological feed. This kind of feed is rich in a variety of feed enzymes, which can eliminate the anti-nutritional components in feed ingredients to a certain extent or play a supplementary role in animal endogenous enzymes. Therefore, it is beneficial to improve ... Views: 187
Catalysis
Enzymes are a class of biological catalysts. They govern many catalytic processes such as metabolism, nutrition, and energy conversion of organisms. Most of the reactions closely related to life processes are enzyme-catalyzed reactions.
These properties of the enzyme enable the ... Views: 186
Biosensors made with enzymes are becoming more and more widely used in environmental monitoring. Enzymes are playing an important role in the process of waste treatment and recycling. Using genetic engineering and protein engineering to expand the metabolic pathways of enzymes is the treatment ... Views: 183
In order to carry out various life activities, the organism must obtain energy and produce new substances needed for its growth. By ingesting nutrients, organisms produce energy through decomposition; or produce new substances through synthesis. In organisms, nutrition molecules participate in ... Views: 176
As a biocatalyst, enzyme has been widely used in various production fields of light industry. In recent decades, with the continuous technological breakthroughs in enzyme engineering, it has become more and more widely used in industry, agriculture, medicine and health, energy development and ... Views: 176
Enzymes are molecules, especially proteins that help to accelerate biochemical reactions by interacting with components (reactants and products) without permanently changing them. This promotion process is called catalysis, and accordingly, the enzyme is recognized as a catalyst. Like many ... Views: 175
Enzymes are an active substance produced by organisms and catalysts for various biochemical reactions in the body. The digestion, absorption and utilization of various nutrients must depend on the action of enzymes. Enzymes have the characteristics of specificity, high efficiency and ... Views: 174
In the early 20th century, humans discovered vitamins, and then trace elements and minerals. It was only in the mid-1980s that humans realized the importance of enzymes. Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine Arthur Kornberg said: "For our lives, we can no longer find other substances as ... Views: 173
1 Application in the wine industry
Malt is the main raw material for beer. Poor malt quality or large amounts of auxiliary materials such as barley and rice will cause insufficient activity of amylase, glucanase, and cellulase. As a result, insufficient saccharification and insufficient ... Views: 172
With the advent of more and more new enzyme preparations, medical enzymes will become a new bright spot in the international pharmaceutical market. There are only a few varieties of domestic medical enzymes such as multi-enzyme tablets. Enzyme is a general term for important protein and ... Views: 170
Enzymes are an active substance produced by organisms and catalysts for various biochemical reactions in the body. The digestion, absorption and utilization of various nutrients must depend on the action of enzymes. Enzymes have the characteristics of specificity, high efficiency and ... Views: 166
Pepsin is one of the main protein degradation or proteolytic enzymes in the digestive system. During the digestion process, pepsin acts on complex dietary proteins and is broken down into peptides and amino acids that are easily absorbed by the intestinal wall. It can be used as an adjuvant ... Views: 165
Lipase (EC 3.1.1.3), the full name of triacylglycerol hydrolase, is a class of biological enzymes that can hydrolyze long-chain fatty acid glycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides, diglycerides or glycerol. It can be derived from animals, plants and microorganisms, and can catalyze ... Views: 164
Enzymes can be utilized in numerous fields, such as enzymes for diagnostics and enzymes for cancer treatment. Due to the action of the enzyme, the chemical reaction in the organism can be effectively carried out under very mild conditions, enabling the organism to digest food, absorb nutrients, ... Views: 162
The pulp and paper industry is one of the important pillar industries of the national economy, but the current pulp and paper industry is faced with the shortage of raw materials, energy shortages, and serious pollution, which restrict its development.
In recent years, people have ... Views: 159
Since enzymes have the advantages of reaction specificity, high catalytic efficiency and mild reaction conditions, they have been increasingly used in industry, agriculture, medicine and environmental protection. But the overall has not yet reached the level of large-scale application, the main ... Views: 159
Currently, the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic has led to an unprecedented shortage of disinfectants, hand sanitizers and detergents, especially in the United States and Europe. Hand sanitizer is regarded as an auxiliary product of hand soap and liquid. Since no vaccines or antiviral drugs have been ... Views: 158
The concept of probiotics originated in Greek, meaning "good for life". As early as in ancient times, humans’ ordinary diets are already rich in lactic acid fermentation foods. Probiotic products refer to live bacteria preparations and their metabolic products that promote the host's ... Views: 154
Simple Proteinases and Conjugated Proteases
Proteins are divided into simple proteins and combined proteins. Similarly, according to chemical composition, enzymes can also be divided into two major categories: simple proteinases and conjugated proteases. General hydrolytic enzymes, such as ... Views: 152
The enzymes are the general term for important protein biochemical substances. Both plants and animals have enzymes. As early as more than 100 years ago, scientists have isolated a physiological enzyme, trypsin, from the digestive tract fluids of animals. In a test tube, this substance can break ... Views: 152
1. Are probiotics bacteria?
When it comes to bacteria, many people equate it with pathogenic bacteria and "sterilize" as much as possible. However, not all bacteria are harmful. There are many microorganisms such as bacteria that are beneficial to human health. They are generally divided into ... Views: 148
At the beginning of this century, clinics began to measure enzymes in body fluids to diagnose diseases. For example, Wohlgemuth determined urine amylase (AMY) as early as 1908 to diagnose acute pancreatitis. In the 1930s, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was clinically used to diagnose skeletal ... Views: 145
The gastrointestinal tract represents the most extensive interface between the human organism and the external environment. The human gastrointestinal tract is settled by a complex microbial ecosystem, in which microbiota, nutrients and host cells interact extensively. This is a crucial process ... Views: 136
We are very familiar with amylase, no matter in biochemistry, biochemical inspection, or internal medicine, we cannot avoid amylase. Amylase testing is also one of the most commonly used testing items in clinical laboratories.
The discovery of amylase can be traced back to the first ... Views: 132
Enzymes have unparalleled advantages over ordinary catalysts and have been widely used in food, medicine, textile, detergent and cosmetics industries. Most of these applications are performed in aqueous solution, but many valuable products are insoluble in water, and there are many useful ... Views: 132
Cellulose accounts for about 1/2 of the total dry weight of plants. It is the oldest and most abundant natural polymer material on earth, and it is the inexhaustible and most precious natural renewable resource for mankind. However, due to the high degree of polymerization of plant fiber and the ... Views: 127
What is the role of protease?
One of the main functions of proteases is to process proteins. Proteins in the body are difficult to digest and do not contain enzymes. Other types of proteases are involved in regulating the activities of blood clotting cells. These enzymes are also called ... Views: 127
It is generally believed that prebiotics provide "food" to probiotics, which can be decomposed and absorbed by beneficial bacteria in the intestines, and promote the growth and reproduction of beneficial bacteria. The familiar bifidus factor is a prebiotic that promotes the growth of ... Views: 126
With the development of biotechnology in the modern information age, humans have conducted more and more in-depth research and development on enzymes. Correspondingly, the application of enzymes in medicine has become more and more extensive. Through a review of recent research papers on the ... Views: 102
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines probiotics as live bacteria that can play a beneficial role in the health of consumers by ingesting an appropriate amount. This contains three characteristics of probiotics:
1. Probiotics are "live bacteria"
That is, probiotics can resist various ... Views: 96
The intestine is the human body's largest digestive and immune organ, responsible for 99% of nutrient absorption and 70% of immune work. The amount of food consumed in a lifetime is equivalent to 12 elephants. The intestine has more than 400 kinds of 10 trillion bacteria, diligently maintaining ... Views: 93
Lysozyme is a powerful bactericidal substance discovered in nasal mucus by British bacteriologist Fenin in 1929, and was subsequently named lysozyme.
Lysozyme, also known as muramidase or glycoside hydrolase or N-acetyl muramidyl glycanhydrolase, is a hydrolase that specifically acts on the ... Views: 80
1. Source of Cellulase
Cellulase is of great significance in expanding the comprehensive utilization of raw materials and plant materials in the food industry, increasing the utilization rate of raw materials, purifying the environment and opening up new energy sources. The source of cellulase ... Views: 75
Enzyme, early refers to "in yeast", refers to a biological catalyst produced by living cells in the organism. Most are composed of protein (a few are RNA), which can efficiently catalyze various biochemical reactions and promote the metabolism of organisms under very mild conditions in the body. ... Views: 72
Starting from a cup of coffee or milk in the morning, it seems that a vital substance—enzyme, is inseparable from modern people's dining table. In fact, not only in the food and beverage industry, but also in medical, household, health, energy, environment and other fields, enzymes are playing ... Views: 69
Papain is a low specificity proteolytic enzyme. It is widely found in the roots, stems, leaves and fruits of papaya, and has the highest content in immature latex. Papain is a sulfhydryl protease, and its active site contains cysteine, which has the characteristics of high enzymatic activity, ... Views: 64
Probiotics are a type of active microorganisms that play a role by improving the balance of the host's intestinal microflora. They can produce definite health effects to improve the host's microecological balance and play a beneficial role. In 2001, the World Food and Agriculture Organization ... Views: 64
1. Trypsin
Trypsin is the main protease in the pancreas and is the most thoroughly studied of all proteases. Mainly because it is not only widely used in the food industry, it is also an important digestive enzyme. It is white to light brownish yellow amorphous powder, soluble in water, almost ... Views: 62