Dr. Deepthi Kondagari - Best Endocrinologist in Hyderabad | Best Endocrinologist in Secunderabad

What is endocrinology system

the endocrine system now the endocrine system main purpose into maintain a homeostatic environment through the use of hormones so when we think of the endocrine system we should think of hormones hormones are essentially signaling molecules ,now the endocrine system works in close proximity with the nervous system in that both the endocrine system and the nervous system tries to maintain a homeostatic environment by sending out signals the main difference between the two is that the nervous system is quick response so when a stimulus arrives at a neuron the neuron can passion these signals these commands as neurotransmitters that will then target particular cell the neurotransmitter will bind onto a specific receptor that will cause the target cell to initiate assort-term quick response now the endocrine system on the other hand will send signals not to get to neurotransmitters but through hormones and these hormones will travel via the bloodstream where it will then target cell and it's specific receptors so what happens is with an endocrine cell is that what a stimulus or command comes this will stimulate the endocrine cell to secrete hormones into the bloodstream like so these hormones will then target and bind onto a specific receptor on target cell this will cause a target cell to initiate a long-term slow response so that is a major difference in that the nervous system is a short-term quick response whereas the endocrine system is a long term slow response the endocrine cell typically secrete hormones into the bloodstream this is normal this type of signaling is called endocrine signaling hence the name endocrine system however hormones does not always have to be secreted into the bloodstream to target a cell the endocrine cell can also secrete hormones that target cell directly close to it like this cell for example and so went does this this type of secretion is known as peregrine signaling Para as an across and this will initiate along-term slow response when the endocrine cell is secreted when the endocrine cell sorry secretes hormones into the bloodstream which is the basics for the endocrine system we have hormones in the bloodstream the hormone scan travel in the bloodstream as a freeform which can be cleared quickly by the body free form as in it's just a hormone traveling in the blood or the hormone can actually travel bound to a protein these hormones that are bound to protein and trouble through the blood are typically lipid hormones because lipids hate water they need to travel bound to proteins we call these protein bound hormones so now let's talk little bit more about hormones hormones as I mentioned our signaling molecules hormones can be grouped into three types amino acid derivatives peptide hormones or lipid derivatives lipid derivatives for example are steroid hormones or thyroid hormones if you know a little bit about your hormones and so these hormones they will bind onto a target cell onto the specific receptor that will initiate a desired response along-term response here I'm drawing these hormones binding on to target receptors on this plasma membrane of the target cell to initiate response well peptide hormones and most hormones derived from amino acid they bind to receptors on the play asthma membrane whereas the lipid derived hormones they cross the cell membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm as shown siren hormones and steroid hormones they cross the plasma membrane and bind to receptors in the cytoplasm to initiate response and this is because the thyroid and steroid hormones are lipid derived okay now that we know a bit more about hormones these signaling molecules let's look and look at an example of an endocrine response a good example is took at blood glucose so here in the blood stream we have low glucose levels and this is not very good because wended glucose glucose is a source of energy for tissues in our body so low blood glucose is a stimulus and the body will have will have to try to fix this to maintain homeostasis so it will tyro increase blood glucose levels and this is when the endocrine system kicks in the stimulus which is low blood glucose levels will stimulate an endocrine cell known as the pancreas cell actually it's called the alpha cell but let's call it pancreas cells for simplicity the pecker cell will then secrete a hormone called glucagon into the bloodstream glucagon will travel through the bloodstream to the liver which is the target cell glucagon is not a lipid hormone because one it is not bound to a protein when it travels through the blood and two it binds to receptors on the cell membrane when glucagon binds to the receptors on the liver cell glucagon will stimulate the liver to break down glycogen to secrete glucose in the blood and so the response by this liver cell is that it will secrete more glucose in the blooded increase blood glucose levels like soil these glucose is being secreted out when blood glucose level is increasing this will send a net this will sent feedback back it will send a feedback twill send a negative feedback signal to stop stimulating the pancreas cell because when you have normal to high blood glucose levels you don't need any you don't have low blood glucose stimulation and you